In a stand mixer fitted with a paddle attachment, beat the softened butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar on medium-high speed until light and fluffy (about 3 minutes).
Add apple butter, molasses, eggs, and vanilla. Mix on medium speed until smooth and combined. Scrape the sides of the bowl as needed.
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, cream of tartar, baking soda, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, cloves, and salt.
Slowly add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture on low speed. Once flour is mostly incorporated, increase to medium speed just until no dry streaks remain. Do not overmix.
Cover bowl with plastic wrap and refrigerate at least 1 hour (up to overnight). This helps prevent spreading.
Preheat oven to 350°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a small bowl, whisk together sugar and cinnamon for rolling.
Scoop dough with a 1 ½ tablespoon cookie scoop. Roll into smooth balls with your hands, then coat in cinnamon-sugar. Place 2 inches apart on prepared baking sheet.
Bake 9 to 11 minutes, until edges are set but centers are soft. Cookies should look slightly underbaked in the middle.
Let cookies cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack.